What is the function of heparan sulfate?
Owing to their structural diversity, heparan sulphates can do the following: function as lymphocyte (L)-selectin ligands and mediate initial adhesion of leukocytes to the inflamed endothelium; bind chemokines and establish chemokine gradients within the vessel wall; transport chemokines across the vessel wall through a …
Where does heparan sulfate come from?
Heparan sulfate (HS) is a linear polysaccharide found in all animal tissues. It occurs as a proteoglycan (HSPG, i.e. Heparan Sulfate ProteoGlycan) in which two or three HS chains are attached in close proximity to cell surface or extracellular matrix proteins.
What is heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans?
Introduction. Heparan sulfate (HS) is a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) that is ubiquitously expressed on cell surfaces and in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and basement membrane (BM).
What is the difference between heparin and heparan sulfate?
Heparan sulfate (HS) is a component of the extracellular matrix. It is a glycosaminoglycan that is covalently attached to core proteins to form proteoglycans. Heparin is distinct from HS in that it is produced primarily by mast cells, whereas, HS is produced by all cell types.
What is heparan sulfate deficiency?
A rare, severe, genetic, intestinal disease characterized by congenital absence of heparan sulfate from small intestine epithelium manifesting with secretory diarrhea and massive enteric protein loss.
What enzyme breaks down heparan sulfate?
Abstract. Heparanases are endoglycosidases that cleave the heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans from proteoglycan core proteins and degrade them to small oligosaccharides.
What is heparan sulfate made of?
Heparan sulfate (HS) is a linear polysaccharide composed of 50–200 glucosamine and uronic acid (glucuronic acid or iduronic acid) disaccharide repeats with epimerization and various sulfation modifications. HS is covalently attached to core proteins to form HS-proteoglycans.
