What is a VIP secreting tumor?
A very rare tumor that usually forms in the islet cells of the pancreas and makes the hormone vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). VIP helps control the secretion of water, salts, enzymes, and gastric acid during digestion and relaxes certain muscles in the digestive tract.
What causes high vasoactive intestinal polypeptide?
A very high level is usually caused by a VIPoma . This is an extremely rare tumor that releases VIP. VIP is a substance found in cells throughout the body. The highest levels are normally found in cells in the nervous system and gut.
Why does VIP cause achlorhydria?
There is also bicarbonate wasting through stool, leading to hypokalemic nonanion gap metabolic acidosis (15). Hypochlorhydria or achlorhydria is typically due to the inhibitory effect on parietal cells of gastric mucosa, resulting in reduced gastric acid production (16).
What causes high VIP levels?
Other known causes of elevated levels of VIP, ranging from 80 to 340 pg/mL, included other neurogenic tumors (n = 3), small- bowel resection (n = 2), inflammatory bowel disease (n = 2), chronic renal failure (n = l), and prolonged fasting (n = 1).
Are there any vasoactive intestinal polypeptide secreting tumors?
See the ARUP privacy policy for more information regarding email use. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide secreting tumors (VIPomas) are very rare pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) associated with profuse diarrhea. They are usually single tumors and metastatic at diagnosis.
What causes a high level of vasoactive intestinal peptide?
Causes. VIPoma causes cells in the pancreas to produce a high level of a hormone called vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). This hormone increases secretions from the intestines. It also relaxes some of the smooth muscles in the gastrointestinal system. The exact cause of VIPomas is not known.
What is the reference value for vasoactive polypeptide?
If an interpretive report is provided, the reference value field will state this. Values above 75 pg/mL may indicate the presence of an enteropancreatic tumor causing hypersecretion of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). Values above 200 pg/mL are strongly suggestive of VIP-producing tumors (VIPoma).
How to diagnose VIPoma in gastrointestinal disorders?
A vipoma is a non-beta pancreatic islet cell tumor secreting vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), resulting in a syndrome of watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, and achlorhydria (WDHA syndrome). Diagnosis is by serum VIP levels. Tumor is localized with CT and endoscopic ultrasound. Treatment is surgical resection.
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