What is the other authorities relating to the State under Article 12?
Meaning of the State According to Article 12 of the Constitution of India, the term ‘State’ can be used to denote the union and state governments, the Parliament and state legislatures and all local or other authorities within the territory of India or under the control of the Indian government.
What is the meaning of local authorities under Article 12?
or other authorities within the territory of India or under the control of the Government of. India.” 1. According to Article 12 the term ‘State’ includes: • The Government and Parliament of India i.e., Executive and Legislature of the Union.
Which of the following authorities is not a State under Article 12?
The Supreme Court by a majority judgement held that the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) is not a ‘State’ or ‘authority’. It was held that merely because a non-governmental body exercises some public duty, that by itself would not suffice to make such body a State for the purpose of Article 12.
What bodies are included under the definition of State under Article 12?
Article 12 defines the term ‘state’ it says that-Unless the context otherwise requires the term ‘state’ includes the following – 1) The Government and Parliament of India that is Executive and Legislature of the Union. 2) The Government and Legislature of each states.
Who are the other authorities mentioned in Article 12?
The ‘Other Authorities’ mentioned under Article 12 means all such authorities that lie within the territory of India and are controlled by the government of India through its acts and amendments.
Which is the obligation of the state under Article 12?
The obligation of protecting these rights lies on the government or the state or its authorities. Most of the Fundamental rights provided to the citizens are claimed against the State and its instrumentalities and not against the private bodies. Article 12 gives an extended significance to the term ‘state’.
What does Article 12 of the Indian constitution mean?
Article 12 defines the term ‘state’ it says that-Unless the context otherwise requires the term ‘state’ includes the following – 1) The Government and Parliament of India that is Executive and Legislature of the Union. 2) The Government and Legislature of each states. What does Article 13 of the Constitution mean?
Why is the word includes included in Article 12?
The word ‘includes’ in the article shows that the definition is not exhaustive and through judicial interpretations, the court has widened the scope of the Article way beyond what even the framers of Article 12 may have had in mind during the framing of the constitution.
