What is the tonicity of IV fluids?
The Infusion Nurses Society (INS) classifies a solution as isotonic if its tonicity falls within (or near) the normal range for blood serum-between 280 and 300 mOsm/liter. A hypotonic solution has an osmolarity less than 280 mOsm/liter, and a hypertonic solution has an osmolarity greater than 300 mOsm/liter.
Why is tonicity relevant in IV fluids?
In this context, the tonicity rather than the volume of the IV fluid is relevant, as this hypertonic solution will attract water from the intracellular compartment. As such, hypertonic saline can be used to treat cerebral edema in hyponatremic encephalopathy.
What are the different types of intravenous fluids?
The 4 main types of IV fluids include:
- Normal Saline.
- Half Normal Saline.
- Lactated Ringers.
- Dextrose.
Which IV fluid is best for hypotension?
Isotonic crystalloid solutions are typically given for intravascular repletion during shock and hypovolemia. Colloid solutions are generally not used. Patients with dehydration and adequate circulatory volume typically have a free water deficit, and hypotonic solutions (eg, 5% dextrose in water, 0.45% saline) are used.
What type of intravenous fluid is normal saline?
Normal saline is a cornerstone of intravenous solutions commonly used in the clinical setting. It is a crystalloid fluid administered via an intravenous solution. Its indications include both adult and pediatric populations as sources of hydration and electrolyte disturbances.
Which fluid is given in hypotension?
In severe cases of hypotension, your doctor may give you IV fluids to raise your blood pressure.
What are the different types of IV fluid?
There are three key types of intravenous fluid. Crystalloid solutions, which include hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic solutions are the most common, while colloid solutions are less prevalent. Blood and blood products are also given via intravenous (IV) therapy.
Which IV fluid to use?
Intravenous (IV) fluids are a key treatment for dehydration and hemodynamic instability. They can be used for resuscitation or for maintenance.
What IV fluids are hypertonic?
Hypertonic saline is a type of fluid that is often used forintravenous (IV) therapy. This means that it is infused directly to a vein for medical purposes such as correcting fluid and electrolyte imbalances or dehydration. The most commonly used IV fluid is normal saline, which is a sodium chloride ( NaCl ) solution at 0.9% concentration.
Why use hypotonic IV solutions?
Hypotonic solution: A solution that contains fewer dissolved particles (such as salt and other electrolytes) than is found in normal cells and blood. Hypotonic solutions are commonly used to give fluids intravenously to hospitalized patients in order to treat or avoid dehydration.
